{"id":4500,"date":"2023-05-24T18:41:34","date_gmt":"2023-05-24T22:41:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/votingaccessforall.org\/?p=4500"},"modified":"2023-05-24T18:41:57","modified_gmt":"2023-05-24T22:41:57","slug":"detroit-free-press-covers-effort-to-end-juvenile-life-without-parole","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/votingaccessforall.org\/es\/2023\/05\/detroit-free-press-covers-effort-to-end-juvenile-life-without-parole\/","title":{"rendered":"Detroit Free Press cubre el esfuerzo para acabar con la vida juvenil sin libertad condicional"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Este art\u00edculo de Jennifer Brookland fue publicado en el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.freep.com\/story\/news\/local\/michigan\/2023\/05\/22\/legislation-could-ban-michigan-from-sentencing-juveniles-to-life\/70228967007\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Prensa libre de Detroit<\/a> el 22 de mayo de 2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nadie argument\u00f3 que Jos\u00e9 Burgos no deb\u00eda pagar por lo que hab\u00eda hecho. El joven de 16 a\u00f1os del suroeste de Detroit hab\u00eda matado a otro adolescente e hiri\u00f3 de gravedad a su hermano gemelo en un fallido intercambio de drogas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pero tampoco nadie discuti\u00f3 cu\u00e1l deb\u00eda ser la sentencia de Burgos. En 1992, la ley era clara. Para los ni\u00f1os mayores de 14 a\u00f1os, cualquier delito relacionado con el homicidio significaba un juicio como adulto y un castigo autom\u00e1tico: cadena perpetua, sin posibilidad de libertad condicional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La Honorable Clarice Jobes no tuvo la discreci\u00f3n de considerar las circunstancias de Burgos: el hecho de que nunca hab\u00eda disparado un arma antes de la noche en que trat\u00f3 de hacer pasar un mont\u00f3n de trapos viejos por una bolsa de marihuana, o las formas autodestructivas estaba procesando el dolor de perder a su madre por un frasco lleno de medicamentos para el coraz\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.freep.com\/gcdn\/presto\/2023\/05\/19\/PDTF\/1c87ff4b-6fe3-47af-bf41-39a86a02a153-Clarice_Jobes.JPG?width=660&amp;height=434&amp;fit=crop&amp;format=pjpg&amp;auto=webp\" alt=\"Court Judge Clarice Jobes in her chambers in February 1994.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Jobes no pod\u00eda sopesar el hecho de que, en muchos otros asuntos, el estado consideraba a Burgos demasiado joven para tomar decisiones importantes: comprar cigarrillos o alcohol o votar en unas elecciones. Sus manos estaban atadas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cCreo que las limitaciones de este estatuto son totalmente injustas para todos los interesados\u201d, dijo Jobes a los reunidos en la sala del tribunal. \u201cSin embargo, tengo que vivir con ellos y tratar con ellos. \u2026 Creo que debo sentenciarlo como adulto, y le voy a imponer cadena perpetua. \u2026 No tengo otra opci\u00f3n.&quot;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Michigan ahora tiene la mayor cantidad de j\u00f3venes de por vida de cualquier estado<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Luego, ondas de cambio. La Corte Suprema de los Estados Unidos declar\u00f3 inconstitucional la pena de muerte cuando se aplica a menores. Decidi\u00f3 que los ni\u00f1os que cometieran delitos que no fueran homicidios no podr\u00edan ser enviados de por vida. Y en 2012, gobern\u00f3 en el hito <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/2011\/10-9646\">Miller contra Alabama<\/a> caso de que los menores no pod\u00edan ser condenados autom\u00e1ticamente a cadena perpetua sin libertad condicional como lo hab\u00eda sido Burgos. Los ni\u00f1os son constitucionalmente diferentes de los adultos, opinaron los jueces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cuatro a\u00f1os m\u00e1s tarde, otro fallo hizo que la decisi\u00f3n de Miller fuera retroactiva: los condenados a cadena perpetua juveniles podr\u00edan tener una segunda mirada y otra oportunidad. Hoy, m\u00e1s de la mitad de los estados han prohibido por completo la sentencia de ni\u00f1os a cadena perpetua sin libertad condicional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burgos, quien pas\u00f3 27 a\u00f1os en prisi\u00f3n antes de recibir una nueva audiencia y la oportunidad de demostrar que se hab\u00eda transformado en un hombre digno de reincorporarse a la sociedad, est\u00e1 tratando de cambiar eso.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9l es uno de varios ex condenados a cadena perpetua que abogan por una legislaci\u00f3n actualmente ante los legisladores de Michigan que pondr\u00eda fin a la pr\u00e1ctica del estado de sentenciar a los ni\u00f1os a cadena perpetua sin posibilidad de libertad condicional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cLos ni\u00f1os cambian, los ni\u00f1os crecen fuera del crimen\u201d, dijo Burgos, quien trabaja como especialista en reingreso en la Oficina del Defensor de Apelaciones del Estado. \u201cCreo que los ni\u00f1os son dignos de redenci\u00f3n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Castigo cruel e inusual<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Para 2012, cuando la Corte Suprema dictamin\u00f3 5-4 que enviar a los ni\u00f1os a morir en la c\u00e1rcel sin ninguna esperanza de liberaci\u00f3n constitu\u00eda un castigo cruel e inusual, inconstitucional seg\u00fan la Octava Enmienda, Michigan ten\u00eda al menos 358 de ellos encerrados de por vida. Y los tribunales estatales continuaron dictando la sentencia despu\u00e9s de que se decidi\u00f3 Miller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El estado tambi\u00e9n ha tardado en volver a sentenciar a los menores de por vida, con 294 reclusos a\u00fan encarcelados en Michigan por delitos que cometieron cuando ten\u00edan menos de 18 a\u00f1os. Otros 274 siguen encarcelados por delitos que cometieron cuando ten\u00edan 18 a\u00f1os, una poblaci\u00f3n que la Corte Suprema de Michigan consider\u00f3 elegible. por volver a sentenciar el verano pasado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Esto pone a Michigan cada vez m\u00e1s fuera de sinton\u00eda con otros estados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Estados tan pol\u00edticamente divergentes como Massachusetts y Texas han aprobado leyes que eliminan la cadena perpetua sin libertad condicional como una opci\u00f3n para los menores. Cuando Minnesota aprob\u00f3 una ley de seguridad p\u00fablica esta semana que detuvo la vida juvenil sin libertad condicional, <a href=\"https:\/\/cfsy.org\/map2023\/\">ese estado se convirti\u00f3 en el 28 en prohibirlo<\/a>. Otros cinco estados no han prohibido la pr\u00e1ctica pero no tienen a nadie cumpliendo cadena perpetua sin libertad condicional por delitos cometidos cuando eran menores de edad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Los condenados a cadena perpetua tienen una tasa de reincidencia de 1%<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Albert Garrett se perdi\u00f3 en el autob\u00fas el otro d\u00eda. Despu\u00e9s de 44 a\u00f1os de encarcelamiento, est\u00e1 en una ciudad que ya no reconoce al comienzo de una vida que no se hab\u00eda atrevido a esperar. Garrett se convirti\u00f3 en un juvenil de por vida cuando ten\u00eda 17 a\u00f1os y fue puesto en libertad en abril, a los 60 a\u00f1os.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Burgos y otro ex condenado a cadena perpetua, Ronnie Waters, est\u00e1n ayudando a Garrett a encontrar su camino. Lo han ayudado a conseguir algunas mudas de ropa y un tel\u00e9fono celular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cProbablemente no necesite hacer eso\u201d, le dijo Garrett a Burgos cuando trat\u00f3 de explicarle c\u00f3mo enviar un mensaje de texto. Burgos solo se ri\u00f3 entre dientes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mientras Garrett sigue a Burgos y Waters hasta la recepci\u00f3n de la Biblioteca P\u00fablica de Detroit, se queda atr\u00e1s. Ha pasado tanto tiempo desde que habl\u00f3 con alguien en el exterior. A\u00fan no ha encontrado su voz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As\u00ed que Aguas y Burgos hablan por \u00e9l. Preguntar sobre una clase de tecnolog\u00eda para que Garrett pueda aprender a usar una computadora. Explicarle a la mujer de la recepci\u00f3n que \u00e9l no tiene una identificaci\u00f3n emitida por el estado, solo una de la prisi\u00f3n. \u00bfTodav\u00eda podr\u00eda obtener una tarjeta de la biblioteca?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Los defensores de la prohibici\u00f3n de la vida juvenil sin libertad condicional argumentan que permitir que los j\u00f3venes de por vida tengan la oportunidad de reingresar les permite influir positivamente en los j\u00f3venes en las comunidades de las que alguna vez formaron parte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.freep.com\/gcdn\/presto\/2023\/05\/19\/PDTF\/e119a673-65b1-48c2-8fae-eb23b795893f-JuvenileLifers_050123_12_MW.jpg?width=660&amp;height=431&amp;fit=crop&amp;format=pjpg&amp;auto=webp\" alt=\"Albert Garrett, 60, a juvenile offender recently released after 44 years, checks out his first cellphone selfie on Monday, May 1, 2023,, at the State Appellate Defenders Office.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cLe he dicho a los legisladores en el pasado, nosotros tambi\u00e9n somos ciudadanos, pagamos impuestos y tenemos familias, queremos que la sociedad est\u00e9 segura\u201d, dijo Burgos. \u201cNuestra contribuci\u00f3n es asegurarnos de que los que regresan a casa tengan lo que necesitan para que no reincidan y regresen\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De hecho, las tasas de reincidencia para los j\u00f3venes condenados a cadena perpetua son extremadamente bajas. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.msudecisionmakinglab.com\/philadelphia-juvenile-lifers\">Un estudio<\/a> los pone en un pelo sobre 1%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cLa vida sin libertad condicional, hombre, es rid\u00edculo, porque hay tantos seres humanos transformados all\u00ed\u201d, dijo Waters. \u201cSi miras el expediente, entonces tienes que venir con un argumento diferente al de nosotros... vamos a reincidir y vamos a ser un perjuicio para la sociedad. Porque, casi al pie de la letra, cada persona aqu\u00ed est\u00e1 haciendo algo para mejorar este mundo\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Waters era un estudiante de secundaria cuando dispar\u00f3 un arma contra la ventana de un autom\u00f3vil estacionado en un autocine, tratando de impresionar a los otros muchachos con los que estaba y asustar al conductor. Hab\u00eda disparado el arma m\u00e1s temprano esa noche, contra un vidrio que no sab\u00eda que fuera irrompible. Apret\u00f3 el gatillo esta vez y esper\u00f3 la telara\u00f1a de cristales estresados y risas. En cambio, la escena era la vista incomprensible de la sangre de una mujer joven desliz\u00e1ndose por el agujero de bala en su cuello.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lo llamaron soci\u00f3pata. Un superdepredador. Debido a que se supon\u00eda que nunca ser\u00eda liberado, a Waters se le neg\u00f3 educaci\u00f3n y capacitaci\u00f3n vocacional en prisi\u00f3n. \u00bfCu\u00e1l fue el punto?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cDespu\u00e9s de d\u00e9cadas y d\u00e9cadas, comenc\u00e9 a darme cuenta de que estas personas no est\u00e1n jugando\u201d, dijo Waters. \u201cIndependientemente de lo que haga, independientemente de los logros que tenga, nada est\u00e1 cambiando\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.freep.com\/gcdn\/presto\/2023\/05\/19\/PDTF\/09c1447a-8558-4848-a3f0-a670a9ffe783-JuvenileLifers_050123_04_MW.jpg?width=660&amp;height=441&amp;fit=crop&amp;format=pjpg&amp;auto=webp\" alt=\"Jose Burgos, 48, of Ecorse, left, walks through the Detroit Public Library with Albert Garrett, 60, recently released from prison after 44 years,  and Ronnie Waters, 60, of West Bloomfield, on Monday, May 1, 2023. Both Burgos and Waters are part of an advocacy effort to end the practice of sentencing juveniles to life in prison without parole in Michigan.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sin embargo, Waters sinti\u00f3 que ten\u00eda algo bueno en \u00e9l. Se neg\u00f3 a renunciar a s\u00ed mismo. En cambio, comenz\u00f3 a trabajar en s\u00ed mismo y luego en los dem\u00e1s. Ayud\u00f3 a otros reclusos a navegar por el sistema penitenciario y a que se abordaran sus quejas. Waters dice que cuando sali\u00f3 despu\u00e9s de 40 a\u00f1os tras las rejas, la defensa fue una progresi\u00f3n natural. Hoy, es un cabildero registrado que ha abogado por una serie de reformas de la justicia penal y un especialista en reingreso con <a href=\"https:\/\/www.safeandjustmi.org\/\">Safe &amp; Just Michigan<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cDefendemos que se cambien las leyes y las pol\u00edticas, pero no necesitamos un t\u00edtulo para hacer este trabajo\u201d, dijo. \u201cHacemos este trabajo porque es lo que est\u00e1 en nuestro coraz\u00f3n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fallando a los j\u00f3venes, luego castig\u00e1ndolos<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Waters y otros defensores que trabajan para poner fin a las sentencias de j\u00f3venes a cadena perpetua sin posibilidad de libertad condicional presentan varios argumentos. Una es que los jueces no siempre est\u00e1n considerando los antecedentes del ni\u00f1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cLa mayor\u00eda de ellos provinieron de situaciones que eran muy dif\u00edciles, y nadie intervino ni ayud\u00f3\u201d, dijo la abogada de derechos civiles Deborah LaBelle, quien resolvi\u00f3 un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bridgemi.com\/michigan-government\/michigan-agrees-pay-80-million-juvenile-prison-suit-enact-reforms\">Demanda colectiva $80 millones<\/a> contra el estado por no proteger a los menores durante su encarcelamiento en prisiones para adultos. \u201cSon de \u00e1reas y comunidades en las que las escuelas estaban fallando, en las que hay profundos problemas econ\u00f3micos y desigualdades raciales, \u00bfque les fallar\u00edamos y luego los castigar\u00edamos?\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No solo castigar sino congelar a estos ni\u00f1os para siempre en moldes de s\u00ed mismos en su peor momento. \u201cQue luego les nieguemos cualquier oportunidad de cambiar y contribuir parece un ep\u00edtome de injusticia y desprecio por la juventud\u201d, dijo LaBelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Para leer el resto del art\u00edculo, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.freep.com\/story\/news\/local\/michigan\/2023\/05\/22\/legislation-could-ban-michigan-from-sentencing-juveniles-to-life\/70228967007\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">HAGA CLIC AQU\u00cd<\/a> para visitar el Detroit Free Press\/<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This article by Jennifer Brookland was published in the Detroit Free Press on May 22, 2023 Nobody argued that Jose Burgos shouldn\u2019t pay for what he had done. The 16-year-old from southwest Detroit had killed another teen and critically wounded his twin brother in a bungled drug exchange. But nobody argued over what Burgos\u2019s sentence [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4501,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_gspb_post_css":"","progress_planner_page_todos":"","activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":3,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"progress_planner_page_types":[],"class_list":["post-4500","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-in-the-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Detroit Free Press Covers Effort to End Juvenile Life without Parole &#8211; Voting Access For All<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/votingaccessforall.org\/es\/2023\/05\/detroit-free-press-covers-effort-to-end-juvenile-life-without-parole\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Detroit Free Press Covers Effort to End Juvenile Life without Parole &#8211; Voting Access For All\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This article by Jennifer Brookland was published in the Detroit Free Press on May 22, 2023 Nobody argued that Jose Burgos shouldn\u2019t pay for what he had done. The 16-year-old from southwest Detroit had killed another teen and critically wounded his twin brother in a bungled drug exchange. But nobody argued over what Burgos\u2019s sentence [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/votingaccessforall.org\/es\/2023\/05\/detroit-free-press-covers-effort-to-end-juvenile-life-without-parole\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Voting Access For All\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/VotingAccessForAll\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-05-24T22:41:34+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-05-24T22:41:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/votingaccessforall.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-14-1024x768.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"768\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Margaret\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" 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